1. PRIDE: Many of us believed that we had the right winning strategy after we had made a series of successful trades. Pride then began to creep in and often led us to become over-confident, complacent, inflexible, stubborn or resistant to changes. Pride comes before a fall and humility before wisdom. The fact is that, in a rising bull market, just about everyone can make profitable trades easily and to behave like an expert, as little knowledge, skills or experience is necessary to be successful at this time. Our greatest enemy in the stock market is truly OURSELVES. We have complete freedom to decide what and when to buy or sell. Yet when things go wrong, why do many decide to blame, the big boys, analysts, falling US market, our remisers or friends or anyone else (except ourselves)? If we repeatedly achieved the same poor end-results, it should become obvious that we need to examine our operating method and ourselves.
2. FAILURE TO FACE REALITY & TO DICOVER A SUITABLE WINNING STRATEGY: It is a well-known fact that the majority of gamblers, traders, punters and speculators lose money. For many, stock trading is most exciting or thrilling so long as the trade is in their favour but it can also be very stressful and agonizing when the trade is against them. However, the reality is that not everyone has the right temperament, knowledge and skills to be a successful trader. How many of us are able to cut loss easily on a bad trade? Sadly, many of us buy a stock as a “speculator” but ended up as an “unwilling investor or baby-sitter”. Most people also tend to release (sell) too early all the “eagles that could soar to the sky” and to keep with them what are mostly “lame and sick ducks”. Hence, it is common to meet “investors” holding a long list of stocks that are mostly in losing positions. The market also has a clever but harsh way of dealing with long-time holders of losing positions. Occasionally, one of the lame ducks would miraculously recover and start to run far enough as to enable the owner to sell it with full recovery of capital loss plus some profits. This duck then would immediately transform itself into an eagle and soar to the sky bringing much grief and heartache to its former owner. It is for each individual to know his own strength & weaknesses & work out a suitable winning strategy for himself taking into account his risk appetite, resources & knowledge.
3. MARKET BEHAVIOUR & TIMING: In a major market correction or sell-down, many stocks often gave up several months of their price gains in just a matter of several days. Hence, the profits accumulated over several months of numerous trades were liable to be wipe out in just a few trades that suffered heavy losses. For those who decided to cut loss and concede “defeat”, their positions were rather similar to that of generals, like Napoleon, who had fought and won almost all their battles (except the last few ones) but lose the war. An important factor to understand was that the stock market generally moved ahead of fundamentals by several months. A bull market usually started in the face of bad news and bad fundamentals and ended when the economy usually remained strong and corporate earnings still rising. This accounted for the existence of bull and bear traps that many fell into. A Conjuror (Magician) is able to fool his audience because he is always “one step ahead” of them. Likewise, the stock market, always being “one step ahead”, has no difficulty fooling the “herd” through false rallies, breakouts and breakdowns. Investors who understand such behaviour pattern and who could keep themselves one step ahead of the herd, would likely have won at least half of the battles and the war because they would be buying and selling before the herd did. For one to do this, one may need to have a complete change of mindset.
4. THE BIGGER FOOL THEORY: When euphoria surfaced in a bullish market, many would be lured into chasing speculative stocks because of the presence of bigger fools willing to buy them at increasingly higher price. Speculative plays often ended abruptly; and when that happened their stock prices could see sharp falls rapidly bringing hefty losses to those who got caught.                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5. Caught In Vicious Cycle: An investor who bought a stock at the high end of the bull market would invariably be holding it (regardless of whether it was a "defensive stock', “blue chip”, “corn chip” or “potato chip”) with higher downside risk and lower upside capital gain. When a bear market arrived (always unexpectedly), it would just be a question of time before he would be holding and sitting on a losing position (always  painful to cut loss & not many could take it). Unless he had averaged down his entry price, it would usually take a few years or the next bull market for him to recover from his losing position. By that time, the market would again be on the high end; and being so relieved and happy to be “set free from captivity”, he would most likely liquidate the stock with some profit but only to see it gone up much higher as was often the case. Being frustrated, he would likely buy into another stock, which would then also be at a high end; and hence, faced the high risk of being caught in another bear market downturn and becoming a “baby sitter” once again. This is one very bad move that all investors should strive to avoid.
6. 1) when 1 of the 3 happens, cash out immediately. A) resignation of auditor, CFO or independent director. B) when borrowing increase significantly without utilization o internal resources first. C) when there is significant insider sell out, stake must be significant to avoid being overly cautious . 2) next, sell out sometimes after the 4th q results and wait for audit to be complete before re-entering. If price cheong during this window period, too bad.